포트란 언어로 짜여진 소스파일이 씨언어로 짜여진 소스파일이 정의되지 않은 참조라는 에러 메세지를 출력할떄,,,, 제발 도와주세요 ㅜㅜㅜㅜㅜㅜ
현재 tough2-mp를 최종적으로 클러스트에서 수행하기위해 먼저 개인 데스크탑에 환경을 구축하는작업을 하고 있습니다.
현재 제가 할당 받은 데스크탑은 인텔 i7 샌드브릿에 플랫폼은 Centos6.3 84_64를 설치하였습니다.
tough2-mp 개발자가 작성한 문서를 보니 tough2-mp는 Aztec 라이브러리와 metis 라이브러리를 요구합니다.
aztec는 메트릭스를 반복법을 통해 선형적으로 풀어내는 solver이고 metis는 병렬 연산을위해 쪼개주는 프로그램입니다.
현재 tough2-mp의 make 스크립은 aztec.o aztecf.h metis,o만있으면 컴파일되어 실행 파일을 만들어야한다고 보여줍니다.
metis는 예제를 통해 라이브러리가 정상임을 확인하였습니다.
aztec은 예제가 있으나 예제가 실행되는지 실행되지 않는지 output파일이 없어서 실행이 되었는지 확인하지 못했습니다.
그래서 확실하지는 않지만, 메이크 스크립에서 요구하는 라이브러리와 헤더가 있어 tough2-mp를 컴파일 했지만
같은 종류의 에러가 발생하였습니다.
something undefined reference to something
구글링을 해보면
1) VPATH가 빠진 경우.
2) 오브젝트 파일(또는 라이브러리)에 symbol이 undefine 되어 있는 경우. (objdump로 확인 가능)
3) 빌드할 때 오브젝트 파일(또는 라이브러리)을 LINK하지 않은 경우.
이런 경우에 저렇게 표시가 된다고 합니다. 제 생각에는 문제는 2번 같습니다.
nm -u libaztec.o를 해보면
undefined된것들이 화면에 출력되는데 거기에는
저기 첨부된 사진의것 또한 다 포함이 됩니다.
ex) la_ilaenv.f undefined reference to s_copy
;
;
;
그래서 제가 생각한것은 단순히 저기 뒤에 있는것들을 앞에 있는것에 추가해 주기였습니다.
앞에 나온 아규먼트는 .f이므로 포틀란 언어로 짜여진 소스파일이고, 뒤에나온 s_copy는 c언어로 짜여진 소스파일입니다.
cat s_copy >> la_ilaenv.f 식으로 추가해 보았지만, 더 긴 에러만 나와서 단순히 서브루틴이나 함수로서
추가해주는건 바보 짓같고 의미가 없었던것 같습니다.
문제는 libaztec.o 정의되지 않은것들이 많다는 것인데
la_ilaenv.f 소스파일을 보면 s_copy에관한 내용은 단 한글자도 찾아 볼 수 없음이
더 멘붕입니다....
의미가 있을지 모르겠지만 ilaenv.f 소스코드와 s_copy.c 소스 코드로 같이 올리겠습니다.
제발 간단한 조언이라도 부탁드립니다.!!!ㅜㅜ
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ INTEGER FUNCTION ILAENV( ISPEC, NAME, OPTS, N1, N2, N3, N4 ) * * -- LAPACK auxiliary routine (version 3.2.1) -- * * -- April 2009 -- * * -- LAPACK is a software package provided by Univ. of Tennessee, -- * -- Univ. of California Berkeley, Univ. of Colorado Denver and NAG Ltd..-- * * .. Scalar Arguments .. CHARACTER*( * ) NAME, OPTS INTEGER ISPEC, N1, N2, N3, N4 * .. * * Purpose * ======= * * ILAENV is called from the LAPACK routines to choose problem-dependent * parameters for the local environment. See ISPEC for a description of * the parameters. * * ILAENV returns an INTEGER * if ILAENV >= 0: ILAENV returns the value of the parameter specified by ISPEC * if ILAENV < 0: if ILAENV = -k, the k-th argument had an illegal value. * * This version provides a set of parameters which should give good, * but not optimal, performance on many of the currently available * computers. Users are encouraged to modify this subroutine to set * the tuning parameters for their particular machine using the option * and problem size information in the arguments. * * This routine will not function correctly if it is converted to all * lower case. Converting it to all upper case is allowed. * * Arguments * ========= * * ISPEC (input) INTEGER * Specifies the parameter to be returned as the value of * ILAENV. * = 1: the optimal blocksize; if this value is 1, an unblocked * algorithm will give the best performance. * = 2: the minimum block size for which the block routine * should be used; if the usable block size is less than * this value, an unblocked routine should be used. * = 3: the crossover point (in a block routine, for N less * than this value, an unblocked routine should be used) * = 4: the number of shifts, used in the nonsymmetric * eigenvalue routines (DEPRECATED) * = 5: the minimum column dimension for blocking to be used; * rectangular blocks must have dimension at least k by m, * where k is given by ILAENV(2,...) and m by ILAENV(5,...) * = 6: the crossover point for the SVD (when reducing an m by n * matrix to bidiagonal form, if max(m,n)/min(m,n) exceeds * this value, a QR factorization is used first to reduce * the matrix to a triangular form.) * = 7: the number of processors * = 8: the crossover point for the multishift QR method * for nonsymmetric eigenvalue problems (DEPRECATED) * = 9: maximum size of the subproblems at the bottom of the * computation tree in the divide-and-conquer algorithm * (used by xGELSD and xGESDD) * =10: ieee NaN arithmetic can be trusted not to trap * =11: infinity arithmetic can be trusted not to trap * 12 <= ISPEC <= 16: * xHSEQR or one of its subroutines, * see IPARMQ for detailed explanation * * NAME (input) CHARACTER*(*) * The name of the calling subroutine, in either upper case or * lower case. * * OPTS (input) CHARACTER*(*) * The character options to the subroutine NAME, concatenated * into a single character string. For example, UPLO = 'U', * TRANS = 'T', and DIAG = 'N' for a triangular routine would * be specified as OPTS = 'UTN'. * * N1 (input) INTEGER * N2 (input) INTEGER * N3 (input) INTEGER * N4 (input) INTEGER * Problem dimensions for the subroutine NAME; these may not all * be required. * * Further Details * =============== * * The following conventions have been used when calling ILAENV from the * LAPACK routines: * 1) OPTS is a concatenation of all of the character options to * subroutine NAME, in the same order that they appear in the * argument list for NAME, even if they are not used in determining * the value of the parameter specified by ISPEC. * 2) The problem dimensions N1, N2, N3, N4 are specified in the order * that they appear in the argument list for NAME. N1 is used * first, N2 second, and so on, and unused problem dimensions are * passed a value of -1. * 3) The parameter value returned by ILAENV is checked for validity in * the calling subroutine. For example, ILAENV is used to retrieve * the optimal blocksize for STRTRI as follows: * * NB = ILAENV( 1, 'STRTRI', UPLO // DIAG, N, -1, -1, -1 ) * IF( NB.LE.1 ) NB = MAX( 1, N ) * * ===================================================================== * * .. Local Scalars .. INTEGER I, IC, IZ, NB, NBMIN, NX LOGICAL CNAME, SNAME CHARACTER C1*1, C2*2, C4*2, C3*3, SUBNAM*6 * .. * .. Intrinsic Functions .. INTRINSIC CHAR, ICHAR, INT, MIN, REAL * .. * .. External Functions .. INTEGER IEEECK, IPARMQ EXTERNAL IEEECK, IPARMQ * .. * .. Executable Statements .. * GO TO ( 10, 10, 10, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, $ 130, 140, 150, 160, 160, 160, 160, 160 )ISPEC * * Invalid value for ISPEC * ILAENV = -1 RETURN * 10 CONTINUE * * Convert NAME to upper case if the first character is lower case. * ILAENV = 1 SUBNAM = NAME IC = ICHAR( SUBNAM( 1: 1 ) ) IZ = ICHAR( 'Z' ) IF( IZ.EQ.90 .OR. IZ.EQ.122 ) THEN * * ASCII character set * IF( IC.GE.97 .AND. IC.LE.122 ) THEN SUBNAM( 1: 1 ) = CHAR( IC-32 ) DO 20 I = 2, 6 IC = ICHAR( SUBNAM( I: I ) ) IF( IC.GE.97 .AND. IC.LE.122 ) $ SUBNAM( I: I ) = CHAR( IC-32 ) 20 CONTINUE END IF * ELSE IF( IZ.EQ.233 .OR. IZ.EQ.169 ) THEN * * EBCDIC character set * IF( ( IC.GE.129 .AND. IC.LE.137 ) .OR. $ ( IC.GE.145 .AND. IC.LE.153 ) .OR. $ ( IC.GE.162 .AND. IC.LE.169 ) ) THEN SUBNAM( 1: 1 ) = CHAR( IC+64 ) DO 30 I = 2, 6 IC = ICHAR( SUBNAM( I: I ) ) IF( ( IC.GE.129 .AND. IC.LE.137 ) .OR. $ ( IC.GE.145 .AND. IC.LE.153 ) .OR. $ ( IC.GE.162 .AND. IC.LE.169 ) )SUBNAM( I: $ I ) = CHAR( IC+64 ) 30 CONTINUE END IF * ELSE IF( IZ.EQ.218 .OR. IZ.EQ.250 ) THEN * * Prime machines: ASCII+128 * IF( IC.GE.225 .AND. IC.LE.250 ) THEN SUBNAM( 1: 1 ) = CHAR( IC-32 ) DO 40 I = 2, 6 IC = ICHAR( SUBNAM( I: I ) ) IF( IC.GE.225 .AND. IC.LE.250 ) $ SUBNAM( I: I ) = CHAR( IC-32 ) 40 CONTINUE END IF END IF * C1 = SUBNAM( 1: 1 ) SNAME = C1.EQ.'S' .OR. C1.EQ.'D' CNAME = C1.EQ.'C' .OR. C1.EQ.'Z' IF( .NOT.( CNAME .OR. SNAME ) ) $ RETURN C2 = SUBNAM( 2: 3 ) C3 = SUBNAM( 4: 6 ) C4 = C3( 2: 3 ) * GO TO ( 50, 60, 70 )ISPEC * 50 CONTINUE * * ISPEC = 1: block size * * In these examples, separate code is provided for setting NB for * real and complex. We assume that NB will take the same value in * single or double precision. * NB = 1 * IF( C2.EQ.'GE' ) THEN IF( C3.EQ.'TRF' ) THEN IF( SNAME ) THEN NB = 64 ELSE NB = 64 END IF ELSE IF( C3.EQ.'QRF' .OR. C3.EQ.'RQF' .OR. C3.EQ.'LQF' .OR. $ C3.EQ.'QLF' ) THEN IF( SNAME ) THEN NB = 32 ELSE NB = 32 END IF ELSE IF( C3.EQ.'HRD' ) THEN IF( SNAME ) THEN NB = 32 ELSE NB = 32 END IF ELSE IF( C3.EQ.'BRD' ) THEN IF( SNAME ) THEN NB = 32 ELSE NB = 32 END IF ELSE IF( C3.EQ.'TRI' ) THEN IF( SNAME ) THEN NB = 64 ELSE NB = 64 END IF END IF ELSE IF( C2.EQ.'PO' ) THEN IF( C3.EQ.'TRF' ) THEN IF( SNAME ) THEN NB = 64 ELSE NB = 64 END IF END IF ELSE IF( C2.EQ.'SY' ) THEN IF( C3.EQ.'TRF' ) THEN IF( SNAME ) THEN NB = 64 ELSE NB = 64 END IF ELSE IF( SNAME .AND. C3.EQ.'TRD' ) THEN NB = 32 ELSE IF( SNAME .AND. C3.EQ.'GST' ) THEN NB = 64 END IF ELSE IF( CNAME .AND. C2.EQ.'HE' ) THEN IF( C3.EQ.'TRF' ) THEN NB = 64 ELSE IF( C3.EQ.'TRD' ) THEN NB = 32 ELSE IF( C3.EQ.'GST' ) THEN NB = 64 END IF ELSE IF( SNAME .AND. C2.EQ.'OR' ) THEN IF( C3( 1: 1 ).EQ.'G' ) THEN IF( C4.EQ.'QR' .OR. C4.EQ.'RQ' .OR. C4.EQ.'LQ' .OR. C4.EQ. $ 'QL' .OR. C4.EQ.'HR' .OR. C4.EQ.'TR' .OR. C4.EQ.'BR' ) $ THEN NB = 32 END IF ELSE IF( C3( 1: 1 ).EQ.'M' ) THEN IF( C4.EQ.'QR' .OR. C4.EQ.'RQ' .OR. C4.EQ.'LQ' .OR. C4.EQ. $ 'QL' .OR. C4.EQ.'HR' .OR. C4.EQ.'TR' .OR. C4.EQ.'BR' ) $ THEN NB = 32 END IF END IF ELSE IF( CNAME .AND. C2.EQ.'UN' ) THEN IF( C3( 1: 1 ).EQ.'G' ) THEN IF( C4.EQ.'QR' .OR. C4.EQ.'RQ' .OR. C4.EQ.'LQ' .OR. C4.EQ. $ 'QL' .OR. C4.EQ.'HR' .OR. C4.EQ.'TR' .OR. C4.EQ.'BR' ) $ THEN NB = 32 END IF ELSE IF( C3( 1: 1 ).EQ.'M' ) THEN IF( C4.EQ.'QR' .OR. C4.EQ.'RQ' .OR. C4.EQ.'LQ' .OR. C4.EQ. $ 'QL' .OR. C4.EQ.'HR' .OR. C4.EQ.'TR' .OR. C4.EQ.'BR' ) $ THEN NB = 32 END IF END IF ELSE IF( C2.EQ.'GB' ) THEN IF( C3.EQ.'TRF' ) THEN IF( SNAME ) THEN IF( N4.LE.64 ) THEN NB = 1 ELSE NB = 32 END IF ELSE IF( N4.LE.64 ) THEN NB = 1 ELSE NB = 32 END IF END IF END IF ELSE IF( C2.EQ.'PB' ) THEN IF( C3.EQ.'TRF' ) THEN IF( SNAME ) THEN IF( N2.LE.64 ) THEN NB = 1 ELSE NB = 32 END IF ELSE IF( N2.LE.64 ) THEN NB = 1 ELSE NB = 32 END IF END IF END IF ELSE IF( C2.EQ.'TR' ) THEN IF( C3.EQ.'TRI' ) THEN IF( SNAME ) THEN NB = 64 ELSE NB = 64 END IF END IF ELSE IF( C2.EQ.'LA' ) THEN IF( C3.EQ.'UUM' ) THEN IF( SNAME ) THEN NB = 64 ELSE NB = 64 END IF END IF ELSE IF( SNAME .AND. C2.EQ.'ST' ) THEN IF( C3.EQ.'EBZ' ) THEN NB = 1 END IF END IF ILAENV = NB RETURN * 60 CONTINUE * * ISPEC = 2: minimum block size * NBMIN = 2 IF( C2.EQ.'GE' ) THEN IF( C3.EQ.'QRF' .OR. C3.EQ.'RQF' .OR. C3.EQ.'LQF' .OR. C3.EQ. $ 'QLF' ) THEN IF( SNAME ) THEN NBMIN = 2 ELSE NBMIN = 2 END IF ELSE IF( C3.EQ.'HRD' ) THEN IF( SNAME ) THEN NBMIN = 2 ELSE NBMIN = 2 END IF ELSE IF( C3.EQ.'BRD' ) THEN IF( SNAME ) THEN NBMIN = 2 ELSE NBMIN = 2 END IF ELSE IF( C3.EQ.'TRI' ) THEN IF( SNAME ) THEN NBMIN = 2 ELSE NBMIN = 2 END IF END IF ELSE IF( C2.EQ.'SY' ) THEN IF( C3.EQ.'TRF' ) THEN IF( SNAME ) THEN NBMIN = 8 ELSE NBMIN = 8 END IF ELSE IF( SNAME .AND. C3.EQ.'TRD' ) THEN NBMIN = 2 END IF ELSE IF( CNAME .AND. C2.EQ.'HE' ) THEN IF( C3.EQ.'TRD' ) THEN NBMIN = 2 END IF ELSE IF( SNAME .AND. C2.EQ.'OR' ) THEN IF( C3( 1: 1 ).EQ.'G' ) THEN IF( C4.EQ.'QR' .OR. C4.EQ.'RQ' .OR. C4.EQ.'LQ' .OR. C4.EQ. $ 'QL' .OR. C4.EQ.'HR' .OR. C4.EQ.'TR' .OR. C4.EQ.'BR' ) $ THEN NBMIN = 2 END IF ELSE IF( C3( 1: 1 ).EQ.'M' ) THEN IF( C4.EQ.'QR' .OR. C4.EQ.'RQ' .OR. C4.EQ.'LQ' .OR. C4.EQ. $ 'QL' .OR. C4.EQ.'HR' .OR. C4.EQ.'TR' .OR. C4.EQ.'BR' ) $ THEN NBMIN = 2 END IF END IF ELSE IF( CNAME .AND. C2.EQ.'UN' ) THEN IF( C3( 1: 1 ).EQ.'G' ) THEN IF( C4.EQ.'QR' .OR. C4.EQ.'RQ' .OR. C4.EQ.'LQ' .OR. C4.EQ. $ 'QL' .OR. C4.EQ.'HR' .OR. C4.EQ.'TR' .OR. C4.EQ.'BR' ) $ THEN NBMIN = 2 END IF ELSE IF( C3( 1: 1 ).EQ.'M' ) THEN IF( C4.EQ.'QR' .OR. C4.EQ.'RQ' .OR. C4.EQ.'LQ' .OR. C4.EQ. $ 'QL' .OR. C4.EQ.'HR' .OR. C4.EQ.'TR' .OR. C4.EQ.'BR' ) $ THEN NBMIN = 2 END IF END IF END IF ILAENV = NBMIN RETURN * 70 CONTINUE * * ISPEC = 3: crossover point * NX = 0 IF( C2.EQ.'GE' ) THEN IF( C3.EQ.'QRF' .OR. C3.EQ.'RQF' .OR. C3.EQ.'LQF' .OR. C3.EQ. $ 'QLF' ) THEN IF( SNAME ) THEN NX = 128 ELSE NX = 128 END IF ELSE IF( C3.EQ.'HRD' ) THEN IF( SNAME ) THEN NX = 128 ELSE NX = 128 END IF ELSE IF( C3.EQ.'BRD' ) THEN IF( SNAME ) THEN NX = 128 ELSE NX = 128 END IF END IF ELSE IF( C2.EQ.'SY' ) THEN IF( SNAME .AND. C3.EQ.'TRD' ) THEN NX = 32 END IF ELSE IF( CNAME .AND. C2.EQ.'HE' ) THEN IF( C3.EQ.'TRD' ) THEN NX = 32 END IF ELSE IF( SNAME .AND. C2.EQ.'OR' ) THEN IF( C3( 1: 1 ).EQ.'G' ) THEN IF( C4.EQ.'QR' .OR. C4.EQ.'RQ' .OR. C4.EQ.'LQ' .OR. C4.EQ. $ 'QL' .OR. C4.EQ.'HR' .OR. C4.EQ.'TR' .OR. C4.EQ.'BR' ) $ THEN NX = 128 END IF END IF ELSE IF( CNAME .AND. C2.EQ.'UN' ) THEN IF( C3( 1: 1 ).EQ.'G' ) THEN IF( C4.EQ.'QR' .OR. C4.EQ.'RQ' .OR. C4.EQ.'LQ' .OR. C4.EQ. $ 'QL' .OR. C4.EQ.'HR' .OR. C4.EQ.'TR' .OR. C4.EQ.'BR' ) $ THEN NX = 128 END IF END IF END IF ILAENV = NX RETURN * 80 CONTINUE * * ISPEC = 4: number of shifts (used by xHSEQR) * ILAENV = 6 RETURN * 90 CONTINUE * * ISPEC = 5: minimum column dimension (not used) * ILAENV = 2 RETURN * 100 CONTINUE * * ISPEC = 6: crossover point for SVD (used by xGELSS and xGESVD) * ILAENV = INT( REAL( MIN( N1, N2 ) )*1.6E0 ) RETURN * 110 CONTINUE * * ISPEC = 7: number of processors (not used) * ILAENV = 1 RETURN * 120 CONTINUE * * ISPEC = 8: crossover point for multishift (used by xHSEQR) * ILAENV = 50 RETURN * 130 CONTINUE * * ISPEC = 9: maximum size of the subproblems at the bottom of the * computation tree in the divide-and-conquer algorithm * (used by xGELSD and xGESDD) * ILAENV = 25 RETURN * 140 CONTINUE * * ISPEC = 10: ieee NaN arithmetic can be trusted not to trap * * ILAENV = 0 ILAENV = 1 IF( ILAENV.EQ.1 ) THEN ILAENV = IEEECK( 1, 0.0, 1.0 ) END IF RETURN * 150 CONTINUE * * ISPEC = 11: infinity arithmetic can be trusted not to trap * * ILAENV = 0 ILAENV = 1 IF( ILAENV.EQ.1 ) THEN ILAENV = IEEECK( 0, 0.0, 1.0 ) END IF RETURN * 160 CONTINUE * * 12 <= ISPEC <= 16: xHSEQR or one of its subroutines. * ILAENV = IPARMQ( ISPEC, NAME, OPTS, N1, N2, N3, N4 ) RETURN * * End of ILAENV * END -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/* Unless compiled with -DNO_OVERWRITE, this variant of s_copy allows the * target of an assignment to appear on its right-hand side (contrary * to the Fortran 77 Standard, but in accordance with Fortran 90), * as in a(2:5) = a(4:7) . */ #include "f2c.h" #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" { #endif /* assign strings: a = b */ #ifdef KR_headers VOID s_copy(a, b, la, lb) register char *a, *b; ftnlen la, lb; #else void s_copy(register char *a, register char *b, ftnlen la, ftnlen lb) #endif { register char *aend, *bend; aend = a + la; if(la <= lb) #ifndef NO_OVERWRITE if (a <= b || a >= b + la) #endif while(a < aend) *a++ = *b++; #ifndef NO_OVERWRITE else for(b += la; a < aend; ) *--aend = *--b; #endif else { bend = b + lb; #ifndef NO_OVERWRITE if (a <= b || a >= bend) #endif while(b < bend) *a++ = *b++; #ifndef NO_OVERWRITE else { a += lb; while(b < bend) *--a = *--bend; a += lb; } #endif while(a < aend) *a++ = ' '; } } #ifdef __cplusplus } #endif
첨부 | 파일 크기 |
---|---|
![]() | 86.95 KB |
당연히 C소스를 그대로 포트란에 밖으면 컴파일은
당연히 C소스를 그대로 포트란에 밖으면 컴파일은 불가능합니다. 함수가 정의된 C 파일을 컴파일하여 심볼이 포함된 오브젝트 파일을 함께 링크 시켜줘야지요.
s_copy가 들어있는 파일이름이 뭔지 모르겠지만, 예를 들어 s_copy.c라고 하면,
gcc -c s_copy.c -o s_copy.o
이렇게하면 s_copy.o라는 오브젝트 파일이 생성됩니다. 이 오브젝트 파일을 다른 포트란 파일들과 함께 링크해서(다른 오브젝트 파일들과 함께 열거해서) 빌드하면 됩니다.
다른 심볼들도 마찬가지 방법으로 해결하면됩니다.
댓글 달기