perl 한줄 명령어

모든 줄의 영어를 해석하지 않았습니다. 번역해서 읽으세요.
쓸만한게 있을 겁니다.

Useful One-Line Scripts for Perl Jan 28 2012 | version 1.08
-------------------------------- ----------- ------------

Compiled by Peteris Krumins (peter@catonmat.net, @pkrumins on Twitter)
http://www.catonmat.net -- good coders code, great reuse

Latest version of this file is always at:

http://www.catonmat.net/download/perl1line.txt

This file is also available in other languages:
(None at the moment.)
Please email me peter@catonmat.net if you wish to translate it.

Perl One-Liners on Github:

https://github.com/pkrumins/perl1line.txt

You can send me pull requests over GitHub! I accept bug fixes,
new one-liners, translations and everything else related.

I have also written "Perl One-Liners Explained" ebook that's based on
this file. It explains all the one-liners here. Get it at:

http://www.catonmat.net/blog/perl-book/

These one-liners work both on UNIX systems and Windows. Most likely your
UNIX system already has Perl. For Windows get the Strawberry Perl at:

http://www.strawberryperl.com/

Table of contents:

1. File Spacing 파일 공백
2. Line Numbering 줄 숫자 넣기
3. Calculations 숫자 계산
4. String Creation and Array Creation 문자열 만들기 와 배열 만들기
5. Text Conversion and Substitution 텍스트 변환과 교체
6. Selective Printing and Deleting of Certain Lines 줄 골라 출력, 줄 골라 삭제
7. Handy Regular Expressions 유용한 정규식표현들
8. Perl tricks 펄 트릭

FILE SPACING
파일 공백
------------

# Double space a file
파일 두줄 넣기
perl -pe '$\="\n"'
perl -pe 'BEGIN { $\="\n" }'
perl -pe '$_ .= "\n"'
perl -pe 's/$/\n/'

# Double space a file, except the blank lines
빈줄만 빼고 두줄 넣기
perl -pe '$_ .= "\n" unless /^$/'
perl -pe '$_ .= "\n" if /\S/'

# Triple space a file
세줄 넣기
perl -pe '$\="\n\n"'
perl -pe '$_.="\n\n"'

# N-space a file
여러 빈줄 넣기
perl -pe '$_.="\n"x7'

# Add a blank line before every line
줄마다 줄전에 빈줄 넣기
perl -pe 's//\n/'

# Remove all blank lines
빈줄 지우기
perl -ne 'print unless /^$/'
perl -lne 'print if length'
perl -ne 'print if /\S/'

# Remove all consecutive blank lines, leaving just one
이어진 빈줄 지우기
perl -00 -pe ''
perl -00pe0

# Compress/expand all blank lines into N consecutive ones
빈줄을 압축, 압축풀기?
perl -00 -pe '$_.="\n"x4'

# Fold a file so that every set of 10 lines becomes one tab-separated line
폴드
perl -lpe '$\ = $. % 10 ? "\t" : "\n"'

LINE NUMBERING
줄마다 숫자넣기
--------------

# Number all lines in a file
모든 줄에 숫자 넣기
perl -pe '$_ = "$. $_"'

# Number only non-empty lines in a file
빈줄이 아닌줄만 숫자넣기
perl -pe '$_ = ++$a." $_" if /./'

# Number and print only non-empty lines in a file (drop empty lines)
빈줄이 아닌줄만 숫자 붙이기
perl -ne 'print ++$a." $_" if /./'

# Number all lines but print line numbers only non-empty lines
모든 줄에 숫자를 넣지만 빈줄이 아닌줄만 출력
perl -pe '$_ = "$. $_" if /./'

# Number only lines that match a pattern, print others unmodified
정규식에 매치된 줄만 숫자넣기, 다른줄은 변형되지 않은체
perl -pe '$_ = ++$a." $_" if /regex/'

# Number and print only lines that match a pattern
매치된 줄만 숫자붙이고 출력
perl -ne 'print ++$a." $_" if /regex/'

# Number all lines, but print line numbers only for lines that match a pattern
모든줄에 숫자를 넣지만, 정규식에 매치된 줄만 출력
perl -pe '$_ = "$. $_" if /regex/'

# Number all lines in a file using a custom format (emulate cat -n)
커스텀 숫자넣기
perl -ne 'printf "%-5d %s", $., $_'

# Print the total number of lines in a file (emulate wc -l)
모든 줄을 세서 출력
perl -lne 'END { print $. }'
perl -le 'print $n=()=<>'
perl -le 'print scalar(()=<>)'
perl -le 'print scalar(@foo=<>)'
perl -ne '}{print $.'
perl -nE '}{say $.'

# Print the number of non-empty lines in a file
빈줄이 아닌줄만 세서 출력
perl -le 'print scalar(grep{/./}<>)'
perl -le 'print ~~grep{/./}<>'
perl -le 'print~~grep/./,<>'
perl -E 'say~~grep/./,<>'

# Print the number of empty lines in a file
빈줄만 세서 출력
perl -lne '$a++ if /^$/; END {print $a+0}'
perl -le 'print scalar(grep{/^$/}<>)'
perl -le 'print ~~grep{/^$/}<>'
perl -E 'say~~grep{/^$/}<>'

# Print the number of lines in a file that match a pattern (emulate grep -c)
정규식에 매치된 줄만 세서 출력
perl -lne '$a++ if /regex/; END {print $a+0}'
perl -nE '$a++ if /regex/; END {say $a+0}'

CALCULATIONS
계산
------------

# Check if a number is a prime
숫자가 소수인지 체크
perl -lne '(1x$_) !~ /^1?$|^(11+?)\1+$/ && print "$_ is prime"'

# Print the sum of all the fields on a line
줄의 필드만 다 더해서 출력
perl -MList::Util=sum -alne 'print sum @F'

# Print the sum of all the fields on all lines
모든 줄의 모든 필드를 더해 출력
perl -MList::Util=sum -alne 'push @S,@F; END { print sum @S }'
perl -MList::Util=sum -alne '$s += sum @F; END { print $s }'

# Shuffle all fields on a line
줄의 모든 필드를 셔플
perl -MList::Util=shuffle -alne 'print "@{[shuffle @F]}"'
perl -MList::Util=shuffle -alne 'print join " ", shuffle @F'

# Find the minimum element on a line
줄의 최소 수를 찾기
perl -MList::Util=min -alne 'print min @F'

# Find the minimum element over all the lines
모든 줄의 최소 수를 찾기
perl -MList::Util=min -alne '@M = (@M, @F); END { print min @M }'
perl -MList::Util=min -alne '$min = min @F; $rmin = $min unless defined $rmin && $min > $rmin; END { print $rmin }'

# Find the maximum element on a line
줄의 최대 수를 찾기
perl -MList::Util=max -alne 'print max @F'

# Find the maximum element over all the lines
모든 줄의 최대수를 찾기
perl -MList::Util=max -alne '@M = (@M, @F); END { print max @M }'

# Replace each field with its absolute value
필드의 값을 절대값으로 대치
perl -alne 'print "@{[map { abs } @F]}"'

# Find the total number of fields (words) on each line
각 줄의 필드 갯수를 찾기
perl -alne 'print scalar @F'

# Print the total number of fields (words) on each line followed by the line
perl -alne 'print scalar @F, " $_"'

# Find the total number of fields (words) on all lines
모든줄의 모든 필드를 세기
perl -alne '$t += @F; END { print $t}'

# Print the total number of fields that match a pattern
정규식에 매치된 필드를 세기
perl -alne 'map { /regex/ && $t++ } @F; END { print $t }'
perl -alne '$t += /regex/ for @F; END { print $t }'
perl -alne '$t += grep /regex/, @F; END { print $t }'

# Print the total number of lines that match a pattern
정규식에 매치된 줄 세기
perl -lne '/regex/ && $t++; END { print $t }'

# Print the number PI to n decimal places
파이 출력
perl -Mbignum=bpi -le 'print bpi(n)'

# Print the number PI to 39 decimal places
소수점 39 파이 출력
perl -Mbignum=PI -le 'print PI'

# Print the number E to n decimal places
perl -Mbignum=bexp -le 'print bexp(1,n+1)'

# Print the number E to 39 decimal places
perl -Mbignum=e -le 'print e'

# Print UNIX time (seconds since Jan 1, 1970, 00:00:00 UTC)
유닉스 시간 출력
perl -le 'print time'

# Print GMT (Greenwich Mean Time) and local computer time
GMT 시간 출력
perl -le 'print scalar gmtime'
perl -le 'print scalar localtime'

# Print local computer time in H:M:S format
시간 출력
perl -le 'print join ":", (localtime)[2,1,0]'

# Print yesterday's date
어제 날짜 출력
perl -MPOSIX -le '@now = localtime; $now[3] -= 1; print scalar localtime mktime @now'

# Print date 14 months, 9 days and 7 seconds ago
14월 9일 7초전 시간 출력
perl -MPOSIX -le '@now = localtime; $now[0] -= 7; $now[4] -= 14; $now[7] -= 9; print scalar localtime mktime @now'

# Prepend timestamps to stdout (GMT, localtime)
시간 표준출력
tail -f logfile | perl -ne 'print scalar gmtime," ",$_'
tail -f logfile | perl -ne 'print scalar localtime," ",$_'

# Calculate factorial of 5
펙토리얼 5
perl -MMath::BigInt -le 'print Math::BigInt->new(5)->bfac()'
perl -le '$f = 1; $f *= $_ for 1..5; print $f'

# Calculate greatest common divisor (GCM)
최대공약수
perl -MMath::BigInt=bgcd -le 'print bgcd(@list_of_numbers)'

# Calculate GCM of numbers 20 and 35 using Euclid's algorithm
최대공약수
perl -le '$n = 20; $m = 35; ($m,$n) = ($n,$m%$n) while $n; print $m'

# Calculate least common multiple (LCM) of numbers 35, 20 and 8
최소공배수
perl -MMath::BigInt=blcm -le 'print blcm(35,20,8)'

# Calculate LCM of 20 and 35 using Euclid's formula: n*m/gcd(n,m)
최소공배수
perl -le '$a = $n = 20; $b = $m = 35; ($m,$n) = ($n,$m%$n) while $n; print $a*$b/$m'

# Generate 10 random numbers between 5 and 15 (excluding 15)
랜덤 숫자 5에서 15 사이
perl -le '$n=10; $min=5; $max=15; $, = " "; print map { int(rand($max-$min))+$min } 1..$n'

# Find and print all permutations of a list
perl -MAlgorithm::Permute -le '$l = [1,2,3,4,5]; $p = Algorithm::Permute->new($l); print @r while @r = $p->next'

# Generate the power set
perl -MList::PowerSet=powerset -le '@l = (1,2,3,4,5); for (@{powerset(@l)}) { print "@$_" }'

# Convert an IP address to unsigned integer
IP 주소를 사인 없는 정수로
perl -le '$i=3; $u += ($_<<8*$i--) for "127.0.0.1" =~ /(\d+)/g; print $u'
perl -le '$ip="127.0.0.1"; $ip =~ s/(\d+)\.?/sprintf("%02x", $1)/ge; print hex($ip)'
perl -le 'print unpack("N", 127.0.0.1)'
perl -MSocket -le 'print unpack("N", inet_aton("127.0.0.1"))'

# Convert an unsigned integer to an IP address
사인없는 정수를 IP주소로
perl -MSocket -le 'print inet_ntoa(pack("N", 2130706433))'
perl -le '$ip = 2130706433; print join ".", map { (($ip>>8*($_))&0xFF) } reverse 0..3'
perl -le '$ip = 2130706433; $, = "."; print map { (($ip>>8*($_))&0xFF) } reverse 0..3'

STRING CREATION AND ARRAY CREATION
문자열과 배열 만들기
----------------------------------

# Generate and print the alphabet
영문자 만들기와 출력
perl -le 'print a..z'
perl -le 'print ("a".."z")'
perl -le '$, = ","; print ("a".."z")'
perl -le 'print join ",", ("a".."z")'

# Generate and print all the strings from "a" to "zz"
a 부터 zz 까지 출력
perl -le 'print ("a".."zz")'
perl -le 'print "aa".."zz"'

# Create a hex lookup table
16진수
@hex = (0..9, "a".."f")

# Convert a decimal number to hex using @hex lookup table
perl -le '$num = 255; @hex = (0..9, "a".."f"); while ($num) { $s = $hex[($num%16)&15].$s; $num = int $num/16 } print $s'
perl -le '$hex = sprintf("%x", 255); print $hex'
perl -le '$num = "ff"; print hex $num'

# Generate a random 8 character password
8문자 암호 만들기
perl -le 'print map { ("a".."z")[rand 26] } 1..8'
perl -le 'print map { ("a".."z", 0..9)[rand 36] } 1..8'

# Create a string of specific length
perl -le 'print "a"x50'

# Create a repeated list of elements
perl -le '@list = (1,2)x20; print "@list"'

# Create an array from a string
문자열로부터 배열만들기
@months = split ' ', "Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec"
@months = qw/Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec/

# Create a string from an array
배열부터 문자열만들기
@stuff = ("hello", 0..9, "world"); $string = join '-', @stuff

# Find the numeric values for characters in the string
perl -le 'print join ", ", map { ord } split //, "hello world"'

# Convert a list of numeric ASCII values into a string
perl -le '@ascii = (99, 111, 100, 105, 110, 103); print pack("C*", @ascii)'
perl -le '@ascii = (99, 111, 100, 105, 110, 103); print map { chr } @ascii'

# Generate an array with odd numbers from 1 to 100
perl -le '@odd = grep {$_ % 2 == 1} 1..100; print "@odd"'
perl -le '@odd = grep { $_ & 1 } 1..100; print "@odd"'

# Generate an array with even numbers from 1 to 100
perl -le '@even = grep {$_ % 2 == 0} 1..100; print "@even"'

# Find the length of the string
문자열 길이
perl -le 'print length "one-liners are great"'

# Find the number of elements in an array
perl -le '@array = ("a".."z"); print scalar @array'
perl -le '@array = ("a".."z"); print $#array + 1'

TEXT CONVERSION AND SUBSTITUTION
--------------------------------

# ROT13 a string
'y/A-Za-z/N-ZA-Mn-za-m/'

# ROT 13 a file
perl -lpe 'y/A-Za-z/N-ZA-Mn-za-m/' file

# Base64 encode a string
perl -MMIME::Base64 -e 'print encode_base64("string")'
perl -MMIME::Base64 -0777 -ne 'print encode_base64($_)' file

# Base64 decode a string
perl -MMIME::Base64 -le 'print decode_base64("base64string")'
perl -MMIME::Base64 -ne 'print decode_base64($_)' file

# URL-escape a string
perl -MURI::Escape -le 'print uri_escape($string)'

# URL-unescape a string
perl -MURI::Escape -le 'print uri_unescape($string)'

# HTML-encode a string
perl -MHTML::Entities -le 'print encode_entities($string)'

# HTML-decode a string
perl -MHTML::Entities -le 'print decode_entities($string)'

# Convert all text to uppercase
모든 텍스트를 대문자로
perl -nle 'print uc'
perl -ple '$_=uc'
perl -nle 'print "\U$_"'

# Convert all text to lowercase
모든 문자를 소문자로
perl -nle 'print lc'
perl -ple '$_=lc'
perl -nle 'print "\L$_"'

# Uppercase only the first word of each line
perl -nle 'print ucfirst lc'
perl -nle 'print "\u\L$_"'

# Invert the letter case
perl -ple 'y/A-Za-z/a-zA-Z/'

# Camel case each line
perl -ple 's/(\w+)/\u$1/g'
perl -ple 's/(?

# Strip leading whitespace (spaces, tabs) from the beginning of each line
perl -ple 's/^[ \t]+//'
perl -ple 's/^\s+//'

# Strip trailing whitespace (space, tabs) from the end of each line
perl -ple 's/[ \t]+$//'

# Strip whitespace from the beginning and end of each line
perl -ple 's/^[ \t]+|[ \t]+$//g'

# Convert UNIX newlines to DOS/Windows newlines
perl -pe 's|\n|\r\n|'

# Convert DOS/Windows newlines to UNIX newlines
perl -pe 's|\r\n|\n|'

# Convert UNIX newlines to Mac newlines
perl -pe 's|\n|\r|'

# Substitute (find and replace) "foo" with "bar" on each line
perl -pe 's/foo/bar/'

# Substitute (find and replace) all "foo"s with "bar" on each line
perl -pe 's/foo/bar/g'

# Substitute (find and replace) "foo" with "bar" on lines that match "baz"
perl -pe '/baz/ && s/foo/bar/'

# Binary patch a file (find and replace a given array of bytes as hex numbers)
perl -pi -e 's/\x89\xD8\x48\x8B/\x90\x90\x48\x8B/g' file

SELECTIVE PRINTING AND DELETING OF CERTAIN LINES
------------------------------------------------

# Print the first line of a file (emulate head -1)
perl -ne 'print; exit'

# Print the first 10 lines of a file (emulate head -10)
perl -ne 'print if $. <= 10'
perl -ne '$. <= 10 && print'
perl -ne 'print if 1..10'

# Print the last line of a file (emulate tail -1)
perl -ne '$last = $_; END { print $last }'
perl -ne 'print if eof'

# Print the last 10 lines of a file (emulate tail -10)
perl -ne 'push @a, $_; @a = @a[@a-10..$#a]; END { print @a }'

# Print only lines that match a regular expression
perl -ne '/regex/ && print'

# Print only lines that do not match a regular expression
perl -ne '!/regex/ && print'

# Print the line before a line that matches a regular expression
perl -ne '/regex/ && $last && print $last; $last = $_'

# Print the line after a line that matches a regular expression
perl -ne 'if ($p) { print; $p = 0 } $p++ if /regex/'

# Print lines that match regex AAA and regex BBB in any order
perl -ne '/AAA/ && /BBB/ && print'

# Print lines that don't match match regexes AAA and BBB
perl -ne '!/AAA/ && !/BBB/ && print'

# Print lines that match regex AAA followed by regex BBB followed by CCC
perl -ne '/AAA.*BBB.*CCC/ && print'

# Print lines that are 80 chars or longer
perl -ne 'print if length >= 80'

# Print lines that are less than 80 chars in length
perl -ne 'print if length < 80'

# Print only line 13
perl -ne '$. == 13 && print && exit'

# Print all lines except line 27
perl -ne '$. != 27 && print'
perl -ne 'print if $. != 27'

# Print only lines 13, 19 and 67
perl -ne 'print if $. == 13 || $. == 19 || $. == 67'
perl -ne 'print if int($.) ~~ (13, 19, 67)'

# Print all lines between two regexes (including lines that match regex)
perl -ne 'print if /regex1/../regex2/'

# Print all lines from line 17 to line 30
perl -ne 'print if $. >= 17 && $. <= 30'
perl -ne 'print if int($.) ~~ (17..30)'
perl -ne 'print if grep { $_ == $. } 17..30'

# Print the longest line
perl -ne '$l = $_ if length($_) > length($l); END { print $l }'

# Print the shortest line
perl -ne '$s = $_ if $. == 1; $s = $_ if length($_) < length($s); END { print $s }'

# Print all lines that contain a number
perl -ne 'print if /\d/'

# Find all lines that contain only a number
perl -ne 'print if /^\d+$/'

# Print all lines that contain only characters
perl -ne 'print if /^[[:alpha:]]+$/

# Print every second line
perl -ne 'print if $. % 2'

# Print every second line, starting the second line
perl -ne 'print if $. % 2 == 0'

# Print all lines that repeat
perl -ne 'print if ++$a{$_} == 2'

# Print all unique lines
perl -ne 'print unless $a{$_}++'

# Print the first field (word) of every line (emulate cut -f 1 -d ' ')
perl -alne 'print $F[0]'

HANDY REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
유용한 정규식 표현들
-------------------------

# Match something that looks like an IP address
/^\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}$/
/^(\d{1,3}\.){3}\d{1,3}$/

# Test if a number is in range 0-255
/^([0-9]|[0-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])$/

# Match an IP address
my $ip_part = qr|([0-9]|[0-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])|;
if ($ip =~ /^($ip_part\.){3}$ip_part$/) {
say "valid ip";
}

# Check if the string looks like an email address
/\S+@\S+\.\S+/

# Check if the string is a decimal number
/^\d+$/
/^[+-]?\d+$/
/^[+-]?\d+\.?\d*$/

# Check if the string is a hexadecimal number
/^0x[0-9a-f]+$/i

# Check if the string is an octal number
/^0[0-7]+$/

# Check if the string is binary
/^[01]+$/

# Check if a word appears twice in the string
/(word).*\1/

# Increase all numbers by one in the string
$str =~ s/(\d+)/$1+1/ge

# Extract HTTP User-Agent string from the HTTP headers
/^User-Agent: (.+)$/

# Match printable ASCII characters
/[ -~]/

# Match unprintable ASCII characters
/[^ -~]/

# Match text between two HTML tags
m|([^<]*)|
m|(.*?)|

# Replace all tags with
$html =~ s|<(/)?b>|<$1strong>|g

# Extract all matches from a regular expression
my @matches = $text =~ /regex/g;

PERL TRICKS
-----------

# Print the version of a Perl module
perl -MModule -le 'print $Module::VERSION'
perl -MLWP::UserAgent -le 'print $LWP::UserAgent::VERSION'

PERL ONE-LINERS EXPLAINED E-BOOK
--------------------------------

I have written an ebook based on the one-liners in this file. If you wish to
support my work and learn more about these one-liners, you can get a copy
of my ebook at:

http://www.catonmat.net/blog/perl-book/

The ebook is based on the 7-part article series that I wrote on my blog.
In the ebook I reviewed all the one-liners, improved explanations, added
new ones, and added two new chapters - introduction to Perl one-liners
and summary of commonly used special variables.

You can read the original article series here:

http://www.catonmat.net/blog/perl-one-liners-explained-part-one/
http://www.catonmat.net/blog/perl-one-liners-explained-part-two/
http://www.catonmat.net/blog/perl-one-liners-explained-part-three/
http://www.catonmat.net/blog/perl-one-liners-explained-part-four/
http://www.catonmat.net/blog/perl-one-liners-explained-part-five/
http://www.catonmat.net/blog/perl-one-liners-explained-part-six/
http://www.catonmat.net/blog/perl-one-liners-explained-part-seven/

CREDITS
-------

Andy Lester http://www.petdance.com
Shlomi Fish http://www.shlomifish.org
Madars Virza http://www.madars.org
caffecaldo https://github.com/caffecaldo
Kirk Kimmel https://github.com/kimmel
avar https://github.com/avar
rent0n

FOUND A BUG? HAVE ANOTHER ONE-LINER?
------------------------------------

Email bugs and new one-liners to me at peter@catonmat.net!

HAVE FUN
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I hope you found these one-liners useful. Have fun!

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